Organelle Blog
The cell membrane is fluid and flexible, so all the individual molecules inside are actually floating in a fluid medium. It is made up of a phospholipid (lipid molecules) bilayer, and these lipid molecules are made up of a phosphate group head and two fatty acids. The properties of the phospholipid molecules allow them to form a double-layered membrane.
The cell membrane gives the cell its structure and is in charge of which molecules can enter and exit the cell. That means it also acts as a barrier keeping any unwanted substances out.
The cell membrane contains and works with a variety of biological molecules, notably lipids and proteins. It consists of three classes of amphipathic lipids: phospholipids, glycolipids, and sterols. Each amount depends on the type of cell, but usually plospholids are the most.
Mutations affecting the protein components can cause many diseases. Proteins in the membrane have many functions, so the mutations affecting this process may change their function. Almost 30 genetic disorders have been connected to mutations affecting various proteins involved in transporting amino acids, sugars, lipids, urate, anions, cations, water, and vitamins across the membrane.
Here are a couple of examples of how the Cell Membrane works with other organelles:
1) Cytoskeleton - The Cytoskeleton exists right under the cell membrane and interacts with it. The proteins in the Cytoskeleton also support the plasma membrane.
2) Robosomes - Robosomes are the protein synthesis site, in which amino acids are stitched together into molecules. This provides the cell membrane with its supply of proteins.
3) Golgi Apparatus - The Golgi Apparatus package and distribute proteins to the cell membrane to be used.
4) Vesicles - Vesicles transport substances to the cell membrane to export.
5) Mitochondria - Converts energy into food for ATP, which can be used by cells to exit the cell membrane.
Fun Fact!
During cell division, the cell membrane folds and pinches off to create two new cells, each surrounding the original membrane.
Sources:
https://biologydictionary.net/cell-membrane/
https://socratic.org/questions/what-biomolecules-are-found-in-the-cell-membrane#:~:text=1%20Answer&text=Cell%20membranes%20contain%20a%20variety,phospholipids%2C%20glycolipids%2C%20and%20sterols.
https://study.com/academy/lesson/cell-membrane-functions-role-structure.html#:~:text=The%20plasma%20membrane%20is%20a%20fluid%20mosaic.,membrane%2C%20called%20the%20lipid%20bilayer.&text=Membrane%20proteins%20are%20important%20for%20transporting%20substances%20across%20the%20cell%20membrane.
https://www.britannica.com/science/cell-membrane
https://www.biologydiscussion.com/biochemistry/plasma-membranes/disorders-of-plasma-membranes-biochemistry/44070
https://sciencing.com/cell-organelles-work-together-5492286.html
https://msu.edu/~potters6/te801/Biology/biounits/cellstructure&function.htm#:~:text=Mitochondria%20are%20the%20power%20house,and%20animal%20cells%20have%20mitochondria.&text=All%20of%20the%20cell's%20organelles,material%20from%20getting%20into%20it.
https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/ribosomes-transcription-and-translation-14120660/#:~:text=Ribosomes%20are%20the%20sites%20in,which%20protein%20synthesis%20takes%20place.&text=Within%20the%20ribosome%2C%20the%20rRNA,to%20make%20a%20protein%20molecule.
https://biologyfunfacts.weebly.com/cell-membrane.html#:~:text=The%20Cell%20Membrane%20completely%20surrounds,is%20called%20the%20Phospholipid%20bilayer.
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